LIBERTY

Clockwise from top left: Battle of Bunker Hill,
Death of Montgomery at Quebec,
Battle of Cowpens, "Moonlight Battle"
Collage of American Revolutionary War
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

THE American Revolution, viewed from its results, was one of the greatest movements in human history. The expenditure of life and treasure has often been exceeded, but the effect on the political life of the world is not easy to parallel. The chief result was the birth of the first successful federal government in history, a government that was destined to expand to the western ocean within a century and to grow into a nation of vast wealth and power and of still greater possibilities.
It is believed by many that the mild bond of union which held the American colonies to the mother country might have remained unbroken for an indefinite period, but for the unwise policy that brought about the resistance of the former; others are of the opinion that the child had come of age, and that nothing could have long delayed a political separation. Be that as it may, it is certain that for more than fifty years before the Seven Years' War there was a strong attachment between the two peoples, and that the thought of severing their bond of union was nowhere entertained.
It must be said, however, that a separation sooner or later was inevitable. It is true that there was no plot, no conspiracy in America looking to independence; but there were forces at work for many years that must eventually dissolve the political bond between the two peoples. It must be remembered that, while America was the child of England, it was not the child of the England of 1760, but rather of the England of 1600. The great Puritan immigration ceased with 1640, the Cavalier immigration ceased a few decades later, and in all the century that had passed since then the migration from England had been small. The English institutions, transplanted to America early in the seventeenth century, had developed on purely American lines, had been shaped by the social, political, and economic conditions peculiar to America. The result was that the two peoples unconsciously grew apart, so far apart that they were no longer able to understand each other; and when England now attempted to play the part of parent the fact was brought out that the relations of parent and child existed no longer between the two countries. The colonies had reached a point in their development where they could govern themselves better than they could be governed by a power beyond the sea. Writers who find in the Stamp Act, the tax on tea, and the like, the sole cause of the Revolution, fail to look beneath the surface. These were but the occasion; they hastened its coming, but the true causes of the separation had their roots in the far past.
England attempted to deal with America, not as a part of the empire, which it was, but as a part of the British realm, which it was not.1 But for this false assumption by the British government and an attempt to act in accordance with it, the old relations might have continued for years to come. But an evil day came. The sky had been specked with a little cloud here and there for many years. Why should so many criminals from the British prisons be forced upon the colonists? This was irritating, and had been so from the earliest period of their colonization. Why was the attempt of various colonies to preserve society by checking the African slave trade summarily crushed by the Crown, in order simply to enrich the English trader? This did not indicate a mother's affection for a child. Again, the overbearing hauteur of many of the royal governors, who were supposed to represent the king, was distasteful to a people who believed themselves as good as any other Englishmen. Still again, during the late war with the French, the British officers were ever ready to show their contempt for the provincial troops, and colonial officers were often replaced by British officers. All these things were at least unpleasant for the American-Englishman to contemplate; but they were not serious, and their effects would have passed away like a morning mist but for the greater events that were to follow.
Source: History of the United States of America, by Henry William Elson, The MacMillan Company, New York, 1904. Chapter XI p. 220-222
(Copyright 2000 Web design and graphics by Kathy Leigh)
The American Revolution refers to the political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century in which the Thirteen Colonies of North America overthrew the governance of the British Empire and collectively became the nation of the United States of America.

THE UNITED STATES AT THE CLOSE OF THE REVOLUTION
Maps Updated September 24, 2000
Created September 15, 2000
Copyright 2000 Web design and graphics by Kathy Leigh

In this period, the colonies first formed self-governing independent states, and then united against the British to defend that self-governance from 1775 to 1783 in the armed conflict known as the American Revolutionary War (or the "American War of Independence"). This resulted in the states breaking away from the empire with the Declaration of Independence in 1776, effective victory on the battlefield in October 1781, and British recognition of United States sovereignty and independence in 1783.
(From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)

A new 2-volume book - "The American Revolution"
, by John Fiske - is now available online! A big thank you to Janice Farnsworth for her dedication and hard work to get this available to you!
Volume 1 - Timeframe about 1761-1778 Volume 2 - Timeframe about 1778-1782
(Source: Kathy Leigh, Webmaster)

British colonies 1763-76
Scan from "Historical Atlas" by William R. Shepherd,
New York, Henry Holt and Company, 1923.
Source Originally from en.wikipedia
Original uploader was Jengod at en.wikipedia

Declaration independence
Painting by John Trumbull
(From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)

His Brittanic Majesty acknowledges the said United States, viz., New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia, to be free sovereign and independent states, that he treats with them as such, and for himself, his heirs, and successors, relinquishes all claims to the government, propriety, and territorial rights of the same and every part thereof.
(©2008 About.com, a part of The New York Times Company)

The History Place - American Revolution:
Explorations and Early Colonial Era:
Beginnings to 1700
The English Colonial Era:
1700 to 1763
Prelude to the American Revolution:
1763 to 1775
Conflict and Revolution:
1775 to 1776
An Unlikely Victory:
1777 to 1783
A New Nation is Born:
1784 to 1790
The Declaration of Independence
(Copyright © 1998 The History Place™ All Rights Reserved)

Timeline:
AMERICAN CHRONOLOGY
Created September 15, 2000
(Copyright 2000 Web design and graphics by Kathy Leigh)
Revolutionary War Pictures:
Revolutionary War
(From lineofbattle.org)

The United States enlisted a total of about 200,000 soldiers and sailors during the war. Battle casualties were 4435 dead and 6188 wounded. An estimated 20,000 Americans died of non-combat causes.
1200 Hessians were killed in action and 6,354 died from illness or accident.
According to data from the Daughters of the American Revolution, the last surviving U.S. veteran of the conflict, George Fruits, died in 1876 at the age of 114. However, Fruits was never on a pension roll.
The last surviving veteran may have been Daniel F. Bakeman (died 1869), who was placed on the pension rolls by an act of Congress and is listed as the last survivor of the conflict by the United States Department of Veterans' Affairs.
(Source: Copyright © 2003 Otherground, LLC and World-War-2.info)

George Washington
Painting by Rembrandt Peale
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Source: the-athenaeum.org

George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799) was the first President of the United States, (1789–1797), after leading the Continental Army to victory over the Kingdom of Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783).
Washington was chosen to be the commander-in-chief of the American revolutionary forces in 1775. The following year, he forced the British out of Boston, but was defeated when he lost New York City later that year. He revived the patriot cause, however, by crossing the Delaware River in New Jersey and defeating the surprised enemy units. As a result of his strategy, Revolutionary forces captured the two main British combat armies — Saratoga and Yorktown. Negotiating with Congress, the colonial states, and French allies, he held together a tenuous army and a fragile nation amid the threats of disintegration and failure. Following the end of the war in 1783, Washington retired to his plantation on Mount Vernon.
Washington became President of the United States in 1789 and established many of the customs and usages of the new government's executive department. Although never officially joining the Federalist Party, he supported its programs and was its inspirational leader. Washington's farewell address was a primer on republican virtue and a stern warning against involvement in foreign wars.
Washington is seen as a symbol of the United States and republicanism in practice. His devotion to civic virtue made him an exemplary figure among early American politicians. Washington died in 1799, and in his funeral oration, Henry Lee said that of all Americans, he was "first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen." Washington has been consistently ranked by scholars as one of the greatest U.S. Presidents.
(Source: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)

The Treaty of Paris officially ended the Revolutionary War and was signed on September 3, 1783.
Treaty of Paris:
page 1
signature page
(Source: archives.gov)

THE MOST DESTRUCTIVE WAR IN HISTORY

SBD "Dauntless" dive bombers from USS Hornet (CV-8)
Battle of Midway
enlarged from a 16mm color motion picture film
Original uploader Palm dogg at wikipedia

Assault troops await orders on D-day
From The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration

Advance behind a tank assault
From The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration

World War II, one the darkest periods in the history of the world, raged from 1939 to 1945 and involved almost the entire world.
Countries were destroyed, created or changed forever. Fifty million people lost their lives between 1939 and 1945 and hundreds of millions more suffered injuries and wounds. Yet many today do not know when, where, or by whom the war was fought or that their fathers and grandfathers fought battles from the volcanic islands of the South Pacific Ocean to the icy waters of the North Atlantic; or from the jungles of Burma to the deserts of North Africa; or from the grassy steppes of Russia to the skies over Britain.
(Copyright © 2008 OSU Department of History)
World war II was fought predominantly in Europe and across the Pacific and eastern Asia, and pitted the Axis powers of Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Japan against the Allied nations of Great Britain, France, China, the United States, and Soviet Union. While the Axis enjoyed early success, they were gradually beaten back, with both Italy and Germany falling to Allied troops and Japan surrendering after the use of the atomic bomb.
The seeds of World War II were sown in the Treaty of Versailles which ended World War I. Crippled economically by the terms of the treaty and the Great Depression, Germany embraced the fascist Nazi Party. Led by Adolf Hitler, the rise of the Nazi party mirrored the ascent of Benito Mussolini's fascist government in Italy. Taking total control of the government in 1933, Hitler remilitarized Germany, stressed racial purity, and sought "living space" for the German people. In 1938, he annexed Austria and bullied Britain and France into allowing him to take the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia. The following year, Germany signed a non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union and invaded Poland on September 1, beginning the war.
On September 1, the beginning of the German attack, Great Britain and France sent Hitler an ultimatum - withdraw German forces from Poland or Great Britain and France would go to war against Germany.
On September 3, with Germany's forces penetrating deeper into Poland, Great Britain and France both declared war on Germany.
World War II had begun.
(©2008 About.com, a part of The New York Times Company)

German conquests in Europe during World War II.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Benito Mussolini & Adolf Hitler, 1940
Photograph Courtesy of
the National Archives & Records Administration

When the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, the United States of America was forced to emerge from years of isolationism and enter the worst conflict in world history.
Early U.S. involvement in the war was on an indirect level, as America delivered valuable supplies to Allied comrades. However, that involvement became official after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, a day that in the immortal words of President Franklin D. Roosevelt would "live in infamy." With U.S. aid, the Allies began to recapture the territory which had been lost to the Nazis in the early days of the war. Victories in North Africa and Sicily in 1943 exerted pressure on the Axis powers, and Italy ceased to be an enemy after Mussolini was ousted in the summer of 1943.
American, British, and Canadian troops invaded German-occupied France on June 6, 1944 -- an event which would forever be known as D-Day. The invasion and subsequent Battle of the Bulge in the winter of 1944 eventually turned the tide of the war in favor of the Allies. Germany's defeat became a foregone conclusion when Hitler committed suicide on April 30, 1945; final surrender would come eight days later.
In the Pacific Theater, the U.S. and Japan waged a back-and-forth struggle, with Japan scoring early victories in the Philippines and the South Pacific. The U.S. halted the Japanese advance at the Battle of Midway on June 5, 1942, one of the first battles in naval history where neither of the main fleets came within sight of each other. Fierce fighting in Guadalcanal and Iwo Jima ensued, with the Allies coming out on top only after heavy losses. The Battle of the Philippines in 1944 was the beginning of the end for Japan, as the Japanese Navy was all but wiped out by Allied forces.
Fire bombs were dropped on Tokyo and other Japanese cities in early 1945, but despite the damage, Japan was still reluctant to concede defeat. U.S. President Harry Truman subsequently authorized the dropping of atom bombs on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which occurred on August 6 and 9, 1945. Japan surrendered unconditionally on September 2, 1945.
The statistical results of World War II were stunning.: all told, approximately 61 million people lost their lives, with the Soviet Union (over 25 million) and China (11 million) suffering the most fatalities, most of them civilians. As a result of the war, the United States emerged as the world's leading military and economic power, and geopolitical boundaries changed radically, with the Soviet Union controlling most of Eastern Europe. The strained relations between these two nations would set the stage for the Cold War, which would define global politics for decades to come.
(©2008 Military Advantage)

Greatest Loss of Military Forces by Country in World War II:
1. Soviet Union 7,500,000
2. Germany 3,250,000
3. Japan 1,500,000
4. China 1,300,000 (estimation)
5. Britain 326,000
6. United States 292,000
Content provided by: Larry Gormley, HistoryShots
Source(s): The Historical Atlas of World War II, John Pimlot
Copyright © 2008 OSU Department of History

Bomber Production in World War II:
Year Germany Britain United States
1 1940 2,852 3,488 0
2 1941 3,373 4,668 0
3 1942 4,502 6,253 12,627
4 1943 4,800(est) 7,600(est) 29,365
5 1944 2,300(est)
Content provided by: Larry Gormley, HistoryShots
Copyright © 2008 OSU Department of History

Best Tanks of World War II:
Tank Model Country
1 T34 Soviet Union
2 Sherman United States
3 Panther German
4 Panzer IV German
5 Lee/Grant United States
6 Tiger I German
7 Churchill Britain
8 KV I Soviet Union
9 Matilda II Britain
Content provided by: Sanders Marbles
Copyright © 2008 OSU Department of History

World War II Timeline Picture Indexes:
1938 - 1939 - 1940 - 1941 - 1942 - 1943 - 1944 - 1945 images
Air War 1943 images
Air War 1944 images
Atlantic Battle images
Balkan Front images
Bataan Pictures
Casablanca Conference 1943 images
China Front images
Dilbert 1943 images
Eastern Front images
FDR images
FDR Memorial
German Armor
Italian Front images
Landing Craft images
Lendlease, Teheran, China images
North Africa 1942 images
Nuremberg images
Sicily 1943 images
Spanish Civil War 1936-39 images

When most people think of the images of World War II, they think in black in white. From the image of American G.I.s raising a flag over Iwo Jima to the picture of Russian soldiers on the Reichstag, most of the public photos from the war are in shades of grey. But that doesn't mean color photos weren't taken. In a new book, DER SPIEGEL presents 330 largely-unknown full color images from the last world war: Multimedia: Pictures of World War II (click here)

WWII pictures
From home.quicknet.nl

Esso WWII Pictures
From armed-guard.com

http://www.warofourfathers.com/
Photographs of the Pacific Battlefields of WWII by Richard Marin

Further reading:
The Home Front Volume I by Nancy M. Taylor NZ official history (1986)
The Home Front Volume II by Nancy M. Taylor NZ official history (1986)
Political and External Affairs by Frederick Lloyd Whitfeld (1958) NZ official history
© 2008 Victoria University of Wellington

British War Economy
By W. K. Hancock
Fellow of All Souls, Oxford; Chichele Professor of Economic History
and M. M. Gowing, B.Sc. (Econ.)
LONDON 1949
HMSO
Edited by W.K. HANCOCK
(Source: ibiblio.org)

Statistical Digest of the War
Transcribed and formatted for HTML by David Newton for the HyperWar Foundation
PREPARED IN THE CENTRAL STATISTICAL OFFICE
LONDON 1951
HMSO AND LONGMANS GREEN AND CO.
Edited by W.K. HANCOCK
(Source: ibiblio.org)

British War Production
By M. M. Postan
Fellow of Peterhouse, Professor of Economic History in the University of Cambridge
LONDON 1952
HMSO
Edited by W.K. HANCOCK
(Source: ibiblio.org)

Problems of Social Policy
By Richard M. Titmuss
LONDON 1950
HMSO
Edited by W.K. HANCOCK
(Source: ibiblio.org)

WWII Timeline 1917-45
(Source: history.sandiego.edu)

GARY COOPER

From virtual-history.com

Postcards: Ross Verlag
From virtual-history.com

"Dad was a true Westerner, and I take after him", Gary Cooper told people who wanted to know more about his life before Hollywood. Dad was Charles Henry Cooper, who left his native England at 19, became a lawyer and later a Montana State Supreme Court justice. In 1906, when Gary was 5, his dad bought the Seven-Bar-Nine, a 600-acre ranch that had originally been a land grant to the builders of the railroad through that part of Montana. In 1910, Gary's mother, who had been ill, was advised to take a long sea voyage by her doctor. She went to England and stayed there until the United States entered World War I. Gary and his older brother Arthur stayed with their mother and went to school in England for seven years. Too young to go to war, Gary spent the war years working on his father's ranch. "Getting up at 5 o'clock in the morning in the dead of winter to feed 450 head of cattle and shoveling manure at 40 below ain't romantic", said the man who would take the Western to the top of its genre in High Noon (1952). So well liked was Cooper that he aroused little envy when, in 1939, the U.S. Treasury Department said that he was the nation's top wage earner. That year he earned $482,819. This tall, silent hero was the American ideal for many people of his generation. Ernest Hemingway who lived his novels before he wrote them, was happy to have Gary Cooper play his protagonists in A Farewell to Arms (1932) and For Whom the Bell Tolls (1943).
(Copyright © 1990-2008 IMDb.com, Inc.)
Strong and silent with steely gray eyes, Gary Cooper walked out of the wide open West to become one of Hollywood's most rugged symbols of masculinity. From the 1920s through the '50s, Coop played extraordinary heroes and ordinary Americans.
In real life, Cooper was a true Westerner, not merely an onscreen cowboy. He was born on a Montana ranch and, after learning how to ride and rope cattle, he was sent off to attend a prestigious school in England. Soon the taciturn boy came to embody the age-old struggle between mannered culture and the untamed frontier.
As a young man, Cooper aspired to become a political cartoonist, but after having trouble securing work, he found quick cash as a cowboy extra in silent movies. His refined ruggedness attracted the attention of the lusty 'It' girl, Clara Bow. Bow kept her handsome hunk close at hand, and Coop made brief appearances in It (1927) and Wings (1927). By the coming of sound, Bow's career was on the decline as Cooper was becoming a favorite of audiences after his first talking picture, The Virginian (1929). With his laid-back western twang, Cooper was ideally cast as an American hero, an Everyman that everyone could identify with and look up to.
-by Eremy Geltzer
(TM & © 2008 Turner Classic Movies, A Time Warner Company)

Greiling Serie C (1951)
From virtual-history.com

Frank James “Gary” Cooper (May 7 1901 – May 13 1961) was an American film actor and iconic star. He was renowned for his quiet, understated acting style and his stoic, individualistic, emotionally restrained, but at times intense screen persona, which was particularly well suited to the many Westerns he made. His career spanned from 1925 until shortly before his death, and comprised more than one hundred films.
During his lifetime, Cooper received five Academy Award nominations for Best Actor, winning twice, for Sergeant York and High Noon. He also received an Honorary Award in 1961 from the Academy.

The Sergeant York Review
From homevideos.com

The HIGH NOON Review
From homevideos.com

If the Academy gave out an award for the best performance by an inanimate object in 1952, the clocks in the overheated Western melodrama High Noon would have won in a landslide. A drinking game could be devised where participants down a shot every time a character in the film glances at a watch or a clock to reiterate that time is running out for anxious sheriff Gary Cooper, whose moment of reckoning is 50, no 40, no 30, no 20 minutes away. Yet despite the preponderance of clock-watching in the film, it's curiously lacking in dramatic tension until a justly famous climax. For the threat Cooper faces seldom emerges as anything more than abstract. Sticks and stones may break bones but ideological abstractions will never hurt you. In an Oscar-winning turn, Cooper plays a tormented lawman in the midst of the most dramatic 90 minutes of his...
Review by Nathan Rabin
June 11th, 2008
(Copyright © 1990-2008 IMDb.com, Inc.)
For his contribution to the film industry, Gary Cooper has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6243 Hollywood Blvd. In 1966, he was inducted into the Western Performers Hall of Fame at the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. He was mentioned in the lyrics to Irving Berlin's song "Puttin' on the Ritz": "Trying hard to look like Gary Cooper, (super duper)".
Charlton Heston often cited Cooper as a childhood role model, and later worked with him on The Wreck of the Mary Deare (1959).
-From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Photographs of Gary Cooper
From virtual-history.com

Gary Cooper - Wikimedia Commons
Photographs and film images

MORE of Gary Cooper

Honorary Awards:
1953 Won Oscar Best Actor for: High Noon (1952)
1944 Nominated Best Actor for: For Whom the Bell Tolls (1943)
1943 Nominated Best Actor for: Pride of the Yankees, The (1942)
1942 Won Oscar Best Actor for: Sergeant York (1941)
1937 Nominated Best Actor for: Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936)

Selected Movies:
High Noon (1952)
Sergeant York (1941)
Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936)
Meet John Doe (1941)
Pride of the Yankees, The (1942)
Westerner, The (1940)
Ball of Fire (1941)

Family:
FATHER: Charles Henry Cooper. Lawyer, rancher, judge. British-born; moved to the USA at age 19; settled in Montana; practiced law and eventually served on the Montana State Supreme Court; purchased the Seven-Bar-Nine ranch c. 1906; died in 1946.
MOTHER: Alice Cooper. British; returned to England with her two sons in 1910, purportedly for health reasons; returned to the USA after seven years during WWI; survived him.
BROTHER: Arthur Cooper. Born in 1895; survived him.
DAUGHTER: Maria Veronica Balfe Cooper. Author. Married to composer Byron Janis c. 1966 and from whom she separated in 1996.
COMPANION: Clara Bow. Actor. Appeared together in "It" (1927) and three other movies; had relationship in the late 1920s.
COMPANION: Anderson Lawler. Actor. Contract player with Paramount; lived together in 1929.
COMPANION: Lupe Velez. Actor. Co-starred with Cooper in "Wolf Song" (1929) and shared a Laurel Canyon hideaway with him; his mother disapproved and came between the pair.
COMPANION: Evelyn Brent. Actor. Cooper's mother said, "Evelyn has been good to Gary; she has given him poise, she has taught him to think; her influence has been excellent, and I will always regard her with affection and gratitude"; the pair worked together on "Beau Sabreur" (1926) and "Paramount on Parade" (1930).
COMPANION: Countess Dorothy di Frasso. American-born daughter of multi-millionaire Bertrand L Taylor.
WIFE: Veronica Balfe. Actor, socialite. Born c. 1912 introduced to society in 1931; met Cooper when she was a teenager living at the home of Cedric Gibbons and Dolores Del Rio; married on December 15, 1933; separated briefly in 1951; reconciled and remained together until his death in 1961; acted in only two films ("King Kong" and "Blood Money", both 1933); died on February 18, 2000.
COMPANION: Marlene Dietrich. Actor. Met during filming of "Morocco" (1930); Cooper's wife served Dietrich with a writ during divorce proceedings; writ later dropped.
COMPANION: Patricia Neal. Actor. Appeared in three films together in 1949-50, including "The Fountainhead"; had affair which led to Cooper's separation from his wife; relationship ended c. 1951.
(Source: TM & © 2008 Turner Classic Movies, A Time Warner Company)

A large photo album highlights this salute to Gary Cooper which also contains Mr. Cooper's filmography and quotes:
A Gary Cooper Biography
The Gary Cooper Filmography
A Gary Cooper Photograph Album
Gary Cooper Quotation Page
From Gary Cooper web pages © 1997 by Jerry Lansche

PAGES ON THE WEB:
Gary Cooper - Coop Forever
geocities.com

My Gary Cooper Pages
thegoldenyears.org

Added by: Ray Langert
8/10/2001
From findagrave.com

MAN OF INFLUENCE

Dale Carnegie found he had an aptitude for reciting, and while in high school joined the debating team. He became so impressed with the style of a speaker at a Chautauqua lecture that he decided to emulate him. It is said he practiced recitations on the horse he rode to and from college.
Mr. Carnegie was born in poverty on a Missouri farm, but found that a silver tongue could be more useful than a silver spoon in winning wealth and fame.
-OBITUARY By THE NEW YORK TIMES, November 2, 1955 Source: Copyright 2008 The New York Times Company)
Dale Carnegie, the legendary 20th Century American author, educator and public speaker, is best known as the author of “How to Win Friends and Influence People,” which has sold over 15 million copies through many editions and remains popular today.
This grandfather of all people-skills books was first published in 1937. It was an overnight hit, eventually selling 15 million copies. How to Win Friends and Influence People is just as useful today as it was when it was first published, because Dale Carnegie had an understanding of human nature that will never be outdated. Financial success, Carnegie believed, is due 15 percent to professional knowledge and 85 percent to "the ability to express ideas, to assume leadership, and to arouse enthusiasm among people." He teaches these skills through underlying principles of dealing with people so that they feel important and appreciated. He also emphasizes fundamental techniques for handling people without making them feel manipulated. Carnegie says you can make someone want to do what you want them to by seeing the situation from the other person's point of view and "arousing in the other person an eager want." You learn how to make people like you, win people over to your way of thinking, and change people without causing offense or arousing resentment. For instance, "let the other person feel that the idea is his or hers," and "talk about your own mistakes before criticizing the other person." Carnegie illustrates his points with anecdotes of historical figures, leaders of the business world, and everyday folks.
(Copyright © 2008 PayLoadz, Inc)

Dale Carnegie - inspirational words of wisdom
(C) Online motivator 2007

He was born Dale Carnegey in Maryville, Missouri, on November 24, 1888, the son of a poor farmer. As a boy, Dale found that he had a natural talent for public speaking. He went to New York to make a career in public speaking. Starting at $2 per night teaching public speaking classes at the YMCA, Dale quickly made a name for himself and was soon lecturing to packed houses, earning $500 weekly at the age of 24, an impressive income at that time. When he booked one of his lectures into New York’s famous Carnegie Hall, he changed his name from “Carnegey” to “Carnegie” to take advantage of the famous location and adopt the more popular spelling of his name. He began to write instructional pamphlets to sell in addition to his speaking services. After several years he was able to turn the pamphlets into his first book: “Public Speaking: A Practical Course for Business Men.” The success of his initial works inspired Dale to publish his most famous book in 1936, “How to Win Friends and Influence People.” Regarded as the first modern self-help book, it embodied Carnegie's advice on dealing with others, summarized by one reviewer as "Smile, be friendly, never argue or find fault, or tell a person he is wrong."
(Source: findagrave.com)

Book Description and How This Book Was Written And Why,
by Dale Carnegie:
How to Win Friends and Influence People

Carnegie was an early proponent of what is now called responsibility assumption, although this only appears minutely in his written work. One of the core ideas in his books is that it is possible to change other people's behavior by changing one's reaction to them. Responsibility assumption is a doctrine in the personal growth field holding that each individual has substantial or total responsibility for the events and circumstances that befall them in their life. While there is little that is notable about the notion that each person has at least some role in shaping their experience, the doctrine of responsibility assumption posits that the individual's mental contribution to his or her own experience is substantially greater than is normally thought. "I must have wanted this" is the type of catchphrase used by adherents of this doctrine when encountering situations, pleasant or unpleasant, to remind them that their own desires and choices led to the present outcome.
(From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)

Dale Carnegie's summaries of his books:
How to Win Friends and Influence People
How to Stop Worrying and Start Living
The Quick and Easy Way to Effective Speaking by Dorothy Carnegie
Don't Grow Old - Grow Up! by Dorothy Carnegie
(Source: The Dale Carnegie Page, westegg.com)

Henrik Edberg Top ten favoutite quotes by Dale Carnegie:
1. Create your own emotions.
“If you want to be enthusiastic, act enthusiastic.”
2. It’s not so much about the logical stuff.
“When dealing with people, remember you are not dealing with creatures of logic, but creatures of emotion.”
3. Three things you are better off avoiding.
“Any fool can criticize, condemn, and complain but it takes character and self control to be understanding and forgiving.”
4. What is most important?
“The royal road to a man’s heart is to talk to him about the things he treasures most.”
5. Focus outward, not inward.
“You can make more friends in two months by becoming interested in other people than you can in two years by trying to get other people interested in you.”
6. Take control of your emotions.
“The person who seeks all their applause from outside has their happiness in another’s keeping.”
7. No, they are not holding you back.
“Instead of worrying about what people say of you, why not spend time trying to accomplish something they will admire.”
8. So, what’s in it for me?
“There is only one way… to get anybody to do anything. And that is by making the other person want to do it.”
9. How to win an argument.
“The only way to get the best of an argument is to avoid it.”
10. It’s about more than your words.
“There are four ways, and only four ways, in which we have contact with the world. We are evaluated and classified by these four contacts: what we do, how we look, what we say, and how we say it.”
(Source: The Positivity Blog. Copyright 2006-Present Henrik Edberg)

Added by: E.J. Stephens
7/4/1999
Image from findagrave.com

JEAN-LEON GEROME

Jean-Léon Gérôme
Self Portrait, 1886
Oil on Canvas
Current location: Aberdeen Art Gallery
Image courtesy of the Art Renewal Center

Charley Parker wrote in linesandcolors.com, 'Anyone who is interested in concept art for films or games, particularly if it involves near-eastern themes in games like Prince of Persia, should be aware of 19th Century painter Jean-Léon Gérôme, if you aren’t already. Likewise, anyone with in interest in Victorian art, the Pre-Raphaelites or 19th Century academic art in general would enjoy Gérôme’s beautifully painted scenes of mosques, minarets and Eqyptian rooftops, as well as his depictions of Imperial Rome. Gérôme excelled at the portrayal of these subjects, but at times exhibited an almost National Geographic style reportage of the inside of mosques and cityscapes, in contrast to his more exploitative harem scenes. Prayer in the Mosque was probably painted from sketches made on one of his many trips to Egypt. The painting is in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.'

Public Prayer in the Mosque of Amr, Cairo
Oil on canvas, 1870
Private collection
Image courtesy of the Art Renewal Center

Gérome’s father, a goldsmith from Vésoul, discouraged his son from studying to become a painter but agreed, reluctantly, to allow him a trial period in the studio of Paul Delaroche in Paris. Gérôme proved his worth, remaining with Delaroche from 1840 to 1843. When Delaroche closed the studio in 1843, Gérôme followed his master to Italy. Pompeii meant more to him than Florence or the Vatican, but the world of nature, which he studied constantly in Italy, meant more to him than all three. An attack of fever brought him back to Paris in 1844. He then studied, briefly, with Charles Gleyre, who had taken over the pupils of Delaroche. Gérôme attended the Ecole des Beaux-Arts and entered the Prix de Rome competition as a way of going back to Italy. In 1846 he failed to qualify for the final stage because of his inadequate ability in figure drawing. To improve his chances in the following year’s competition, he painted an academic exercise of two large figures, a nude youth, crouching in the pose of of Chaudet’s marble Eros (1817; Paris, Louvre), and a lightly draped young girl whose graceful mannerism recalls the work of Gérôme’s colleagues from the studio of Delaroche. Gérôme added two fighting cocks (he was very fond of animals) and a blue landscape reminiscent of the Bay of Naples. Delaroche encouraged Gérôme to send The Cockfight (1846; Paris, Louvre) to the Salon of 1847, where it was discovered by the critic Théophile Thoré (but too late to buy it) and made famous by Théophile Gautier. The picture pleased because it dealt with a theme from Classical antiquity in a manner that owed nothing to the unfashionable mannerisms of David’s pupils. Moreover, it placed Gérôme at the head of the NÉO-GREC movement, which consisted largely of fellow pupils of Gleyre, such as Henri-Pierre Picou (1824–95) and Jean-Louis Hamon.
(Source: all-art.org)

'Un Combat de Coqs'
Scanned from pre-WWI book
by User: Lee M
Courtesy: PD-Art
Courtesy of Jean-Léon Gérôme in all-art.org

Arabs Crossing the Desert
Oil on canvas, 1870
Private collection
Image courtesy of the Art Renewal Center

Polyphemus
Oil on canvas
Private collection
Image courtesy of the Art Renewal Center

"An Arab Caravan outside a Fortified Town, Egypt"
Oil on canvas
Private collection
Image courtesy of the Art Renewal Center

Gerome travelled widely in Turkey, Egypt and North Africa. A sculptor as well as a painter, his female figures have the same classical precision of Ingres, but are in much more realistic poses. His best-known works are his oriental scenes. Two typical examples are in the Wallace Collection, London. They won Gerome great popularity and he had considerable influence as an upholder of academic tradition and enemy of progressive trends in art. He was not a big fan of Impressionist art.
(Bat Guano Web Works ®)

The Christian Martyrs' Last Prayer
Oil on canvas, 1883
Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore
Image courtesy of the Art Renewal Center

The Christian Martyrs’ Last Prayer was commissioned from Gérôme by William T. Walters of Baltimore around 1860. When finally finished in 1883, Gérôme sent a letter along with the painting explaining his delay: “I regret to have made you wait for it so long, but I had a difficult task, being determined not to leave it until I accomplished all of which I was capable. This picture has been upon my easel for over twenty years. I have repainted it from the beginning three times. This, therefore, is really the third canvas, which you receive” (Catalogue of Paintings [Baltimore: Walters Art Gallery, 1929?], 38-39). That third canvas is now in the Walters Art Gallery. The historic scene depicted takes place in the Circus Maximus in Rome.
The Museum’s unfinished painting is one of the two earlier versions referred to by Gérôme and gives insight into the artist’s academic method. The visible grid lines were used to enlarge a smaller sketch accurately; they demonstrate the extent to which drawing formed the basis for his work. Thin layers of carefully applied paint establish compositional values. One can see that Gérôme originally painted the martyrs in the foreground, as the figures can faintly be seen. Gérôme painted over them and inserted the group farther back in the composition. This painting captures the dramatic moment at which the animals appear before the public. In the left foreground a fearsome lion emerges from a subterranean chamber, soon to be followed by another lion and a tiger. Christians of all ages huddle in prayer around a patriarchal figure. In the final version, other believers are bound to crosses and burned, a method of execution common during Nero’s reign. An extremely influential painter and teacher in his day, Gérôme continued the traditions of academic realism into the late nineteenth century.
(Source: : Cody Dingus, Utah Museum of Fine Arts,
University of Utah, Updated: January 5, 2004 º Webmaster)

The Age of Augustus
Oil on canvas
Private collection

In the late 1840s the French government gave Gerome a monumental commission to paint the massive Age of Augustus. In preparation for this commission, he traveled extensively in Europe and Asia Minor, documenting the customs of various regions. He spent two years working on the painting, tirelessly perfecting details of the various ethnic groups. With the money realized from this work, Gerome spent several months traveling and sketching in Egypt. Gerome's highly finished mythological and history paintings were anecdotal, painstaking, often melodramatic, and frequently erotic. For the last twenty-five years of his life, he concentrated on sculpture. His studio became a meeting place for artists, actors, and writers, and he was appointed a professor at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts. Gerome became a legendary and respected master, noted for his sardonic wit, lax discipline, regimented teaching methods.
(Source: Oil Paintings Gallery, Alpharetta, Georgia)

Napoleon in Egypt
ca. 1867-68
Oil on canvas
© Princeton University Art Museum
©2008 About.com, a part of The New York Times Company

France's Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) invaded Egypt in July 1798 with 400 ships and 55,000 soldiers in an attempt to control the commercial land route to India and deal a significant blow to Britain's economy. During the relatively brief period of the French occupation (his troops surrendered to the British in September 1801), Napoleon encouraged more than 150 artists, engineers, mathematicians, naturalists and scientists (savants) to record with exacting precision Egypt's buildings, its monuments, flora, fauna and terrain as well as the region's society and forms of commerce.
What resulted was the Déscription de l'Égypte (1809-1822), the multi-volume compendium on ancient and modern Egypt. Its scholarly contents and plate illustrations contributed to the development of Egyptology. Editions of the work influenced the nineteenth-century Orientalist movement in European painting. It has also figured largely in Egyptomania (the periodic fascination with things Egyptian) for more than 200 years.
(Source: ©2008 About.com, a part of The New York Times Company)

Near 300 images by the artist:
http://www.jeanleongerome.org/

Jean-Leon Gerome Paintings:
http://www.orientalist-art.org.uk/gerome.html



Jean-Léon Gérôme from allpaintings on Vimeo
©2008 Vimeo, LLC (Music: Kroke - Light In The Darkness)

Gerome was the aficionado of antiquity, inspiring him on creation of many paintings. And further antiquity, alongside with Lui's XIV history and Napoleon, had been given plots to his illustrative works. He traveled a lot and was obedient picturesque exotic of suits and landscapes; the Arabian equestrians became steel his favourite theme (agniart.ru)
'Gérome's imagination was earthbound and yet he was known for his romanticizing. Carrying forward the whacky mix, his work often was exquisite, yet strangely pedestrian and nearly always, felt staged.
One critic of the time said that, in his paintings, Gérome had more feeling invested in the marble than in the human beings being portrayed.
Visually, his paintings are still gorgeous works, a joy to look at - so deep runs the power of painting to create a world - so powerful is pure craft - even if it only creates a material world, a dazzling material world' - Ira Altschiller